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En français, s’il vous plaît...et plus grand

Author(s): Diana Yankova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article begins with a brief overview of the federal legislation on official languages in Canada and provincial legislation in Quebec. Concern for the future of the French language materialized in the 1977 Charter of the French language, popularly known as Bill 101, ruled unconstitutional by the Canadian Supreme Court in 1988. This led to the introduction of Bill 178 (the ‘inside-outside’ law), which used the ‘notwithstanding clause to override the Canadian Charter’s guarantee of freedom of speech. Against this background, some of the issues to be discussed are: What are the implications of the ‘language police* or ‘tongue troopers’ in Quebec? Is the attempt to control English in Francophone Canada a result of the long-standing subjugation of the French and the recent resurgence of nationalism? Does making Anglophones in Quebec feel like second-class citizens help preserve French on a predominantly English-speaking continent? Will Quebecers acquire the linguistic skills needed to compete in the English-dominated global economy? Does the recent (March 31, 2005) ruling of the Supreme Court of Canada, which obliges Francophone Canadians and immigrants to Quebec to send their children to French schools, protect the French language?

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Стиловите регистри в романа „Монт-Ориол“ от Ги дьо Мопасан

Author(s): Maria Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The task of this article is to examine the style registers in the novel „Mont– Oriol” by Mopassan in order to reveal their role in the overall construction of the work. The subject of the study is the types of style registers, the way of their structuring and their role in the communication situation. On the basis of concrete analyses, it is concluded that style registers outline the character and the relationship between the novel characters. The style registers build a more authentic picture of the described realities; they also have a certain aesthetic and social focus

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Fransız Çocuk Yazınında Göç Örneği: Buranın Çocukları Başka Yerlerin Anne-Babaları

Author(s): İrfan Atalay / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Günümüzde farklı boyutları ve etkilediği alanla içinden çıkılmaz bir sorun haline gelen ve kavramsal boyutta bile farklı adlandırmalarla ele alınan göç ve göçerlik, artık dünya ölçeğinde küresel oluşumlardan ülke yönetimlerine, toplumsal kurumlara, sivil toplum örgütlerine ve tikel düzeydeki yerli ve yabancı diye adlandırılan bireye kadar her kesimi derinden etkileyen, sebep ve sonuçlarıyla devasa bir boyut kazanan sorundur. Doğal olarak bu sorun yaşamın ve onu şekillendiren her araçta ve her alanda olduğu gibi, yazın alanında ve onun alt alanlarından biri olan gençlik yazınında da geniş ölçüde yer alan bir sorundur. Ekonomik koşullar ve sosyal yaşam koşullarının daha yüksek düzeyde olduğu ülkeler ya da bir genellemeyle Avrupa kıtası sıklıkla bu sorunla karşı karşıya gelen bir coğrafyadır.

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‘Göç Kültürü ve Çatışma Modeli’ Bağlamında Mathias Enard’ın Hırsızlar Sokağı

Author(s): Ali Tilbe,Kuramsal Çerçeve / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Yazın incelemelerinde, inceleme nesnesindeki göçün doğasını saptamak için, bu düzeysel ayrımlar yol gösterici işlevler üstlenmektedir. “Özellikle romanlarda ele alınan göç durumu ve konulara göre kolaylıkla düzeyler belirlenebilir ve anlatı yerlemleri ile olay örgüsü bu düzlemde incelenerek açıklayıcı sonuçlar elde edilebilir. Bu modelden devinimle, romanların ulamlandırılması da kolaylaşacaktır” (Tilbe, 2015, s. 464 ).

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Ebedi Göçer: Medea

Author(s): Özlem Agvan,Yıldız Aydın / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Bireyin en temel fizyolojik ihtiyaçlarından sonra ruh sağlığı için vazgeçilmezlerden biri aidiyet hissidir. İnsan sosyal bir varlıktır ve belli bir çevreye ait olduğunu hissetmek ister; bir aileye, bir dine, bir kültüre ya da arkadaşlarına. Göçmenin aidiyet hissi sabit değildir, sallanma halindedir, bu bir arada kalıştır. İçinde var olduğu düzeni terk edip, bilmediğine alışmak durumunda kalır göçmen. Göçlerin, sürgünlerin ve sığınmaların ortak noktası ayrılmadır. Maddi ya da toplumsal yaşam koşullarını iyileştirebilmek adına evinden ayrılıp başka bir ülkeye veya bölgeye yerleşen kişi dilimizde göçmen olarak adlandırılır.

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Francuski teatr feministyczny na przełomie XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Tomasz Kaczmarek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Until recently not many people recognized the feminist theater movement existing in the end of the 19th century. For almost a century it was condemned to oblivion for above all political reasons. Most scholars were focused on anarchist authors while in this the article works of the two feminine authors are analyzed, these include: Vera Starkoff and Nelly Roussel. Starkoff, the Russian Jew, was inspired by Tolstoy, Zola and Ibsen, and wrote the didactic dramas in which she discussed gender inequality between men and women at that time. She in her works seems to be more moderate then Russel who is more uncompromising in her works. Russell ridicules canonic values represented by the Roman-Catholic Church enslaving not only women but each individual’s thinking.

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Wpływ deportacji Akadian na estetykę i poetykę francuskojęzycznego teatru w Kanadzie

Author(s): Sebastian Zacharow / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article has two goals. The first goal is to present a historical process which forced the Canadians to become a minority towards the British and to show the complicated relationships in which these two nationalities had to live after the numerous wars waged in North America between the British Crown and the Kingdom of France. The second goal is to show the evolution of the aesthetics of the francophone Canadian theater being the result of the Acadian’s deportation. In this context, three theatrical plays, which are dramatic texts representative of various stages of the difficult Acadian-Canadian history, will be used as examples: Le Théâtre de Neptune (1609) as a representative of the theater of the period of the French dominance in the New France; Le Drame du peuple acadien (1930) as a stage in the poetics of the Acadian martyrology; and La martyrdom Saguine (1971), depicting the aesthetics influenced by the Quiet Revolution, where Acadia becomes a nostalgic place, in a way an open-air museum, where thoughts are returned without a tormenting sense of injustice.

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Inter-standing Bodies in Early Modern British Culture

Author(s): Ana Maria Tolomei / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

My paper aims at the analysis of dialogue as a form of recuperation while re-shaping and re-organising physical and non-physical bodies (either social, political or moral) in need of a “treatment” in Early Modern British and French Cultures. This kind of dialogue implies movement starting from under-standing to inter-standing and from curing to preserving private and public, individual and collective, dominant and dissident bodies in ordinary or extra-ordinary circumstances. I am interested in the way in which bodies as cultural constructs can be activated or re-activated in a Bakhtinian dialogical manner. I am also interested in the way in which “speaking with the dead” represents in Greenblatt’s view a manifestation of the circulation of the14social energy within written and visual texts. Furthermore, my inquiry leads to the analysis of the images of the self and the other, of the centre and the margins through cultural, national or religious clichés. The physical and non-physical bodies of the self and the other as well as bodily ornaments can also be interpreted from the Derridian perspective of the double-edged “pharmakon” as both “remedy” and “poison” as well as “artificial” and “natural” cultural constructs.

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Sortir du pays de la mort

Author(s): Régine Robin / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Developed in recognition of Professor Józef Kwaterko on the occasion of his seventieth birthday and fiftieth anniversary of his professional career, the book is a collection of articles by outstanding specialists in Francophone literature of the Americas. From Quebec, and more broadly, from Canada to the Caribbean, the texts collected in this book provide a panorama of issues, aesthetics and socio-cultural themes characteristic of American francophony. Reading these articles will allow the reader to attempt to "decipher America" and thus follow in the footsteps of Professor Józef Kwaterko, who for years has been tirelessly researching and discovering new meanings of French-speaking literature of the Americas. A handful of more personal testimonies, which complement the book, help to better understand the personality and path of the Professor, an expert in his field, but also a colleague and a friend, sensitive to cultural diversity and the variety of experiences of those close to him.

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Hommage à Józef Kwaterko

Author(s): Hélène Amrit,Anna Giaufret / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Developed in recognition of Professor Józef Kwaterko on the occasion of his seventieth birthday and fiftieth anniversary of his professional career, the book is a collection of articles by outstanding specialists in Francophone literature of the Americas. From Quebec, and more broadly, from Canada to the Caribbean, the texts collected in this book provide a panorama of issues, aesthetics and socio-cultural themes characteristic of American francophony. Reading these articles will allow the reader to attempt to "decipher America" and thus follow in the footsteps of Professor Józef Kwaterko, who for years has been tirelessly researching and discovering new meanings of French-speaking literature of the Americas. A handful of more personal testimonies, which complement the book, help to better understand the personality and path of the Professor, an expert in his field, but also a colleague and a friend, sensitive to cultural diversity and the variety of experiences of those close to him.

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Le Moyen Âge: passés recomposés et (in)disciplines

Author(s): Marie Blaise / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Between flagrant contradictions and successive denials, scholars and artists, unequally, have been constructing the idea of the Middle Ages since the 16th century. Generations were derogatory of the Dark Ages, or the “middle age”, and unflattering texts by Enlightenment philosophers are well known. In the dawn of the 19th century, the idea of Middle Ages appears as both a symptom and a privileged locus for the study of the ruptures and concordances between Classical and Romantic conceptions as, in the mist of the French Revolution, the paradigms that governed history no longer hold. During all the 19th century, reconstructing the Middle Ages blurs the borders between the various orders of knowledge and the new academic disciplines, and opens a via regia to the complex reassessment of literature. Focusing on the choice of the Middle Ages as an “historical other”, this article comments on these disputes in order to assert that, if the medieval period has always been the result of an a posteriori construction, it is as a part of the rise of modernity.

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Quelle voix choisir? L’art de l’octonaire et deux poètes protestants: Antoine de la Roche Chandieu et Joseph Du Chesne

Author(s): Dariusz Krawczyk / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Before the fascination for vanity in painting, it existed, in late Renaissance France, a fascination for poetic vanities written by both Catholic and Protestant writers. However, the octonaire – an epigrammatic poem of eight verses that describes the vanity and inconstancy of the world – was invented by Protestant poets. Their poetry had to obey the rhetorical, literary and spiritual imperatives that were to incite the readers to hate the world and seek God. This article compares the book of poems of Antoine de la Roche Chandieu and the one of Joseph Du Chesne to highlight the differences between the two. These differences seem to reflect the tensions in Protestant poetics: between the simplicity of the biblical word and the splendor of the literary tradition.

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Entre discours littéraire et discours scientifique – un dilemme de l’auteur d’un récit de voyage: Les Observations de Pierre Belon du Mans

Author(s): Dorota Szeliga / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The present paper focuses on relationships and tensions between literary and scientific discourses in the following editions of Oriental travel accounts by Pierre Belon du Mans. This French traveller, naturalist and doctor travelled across Greece, Egypt, Jerusalem and Turkey between 1546 and 1549 and, afterwards, published three volumes of Les Observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses memorables, trouvées en Grece, Asie, Judée, Egypte, Arabie, et autres pays estranges. Whereas in the first edition (1553), he put emphasis to dynamics of narration and differentiation between his own adventures and those of other travellers, in the second one (1555), he introduced some major changes, which were to underline the scientific nature of his trip. Those changes show, on one hand, the pressions the author underwent when he wanted to meet the scientific requirements of his times and, on the other hand, a kind of crisis he experienced being trapped between literary and scientific discourses and their stylistics.

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Le roman colonial: la crise de la littérature exotique et l’essor de l’ethnographie

Author(s): Małgorzata Sokołowicz / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The aim of the present paper is to show how the crisis of exotic literature, understood as the first type of literature inspired directly by colonies, contributed to the development of ethnography. The paper is divided into three parts. The first one defines exotic literature and analyses the reasons of its crisis. The second presents the main theories concerning colonial novel coming from the beginning of the 20th century; and the last part shows the example of an ethnographic discourse in one of the colonial novels praised by their theoreticians: "Derrière les vieux murs en ruines" by Aline Réveillaud de Lens (1881-1925).

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La littérature entre science et ésotérisme: Petrusmok. Mythe (1951) de Malcolm de Chazal

Author(s): Izabella Zatorska / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Révélations du Grand Océan [Revelations of the Great Ocean] by Jules Hermann (1846-1924), published posthumously in 1927 and nourishing imagination of some Mauritian writers, were inspired by the scientific theory of continental drift proposed by Alfred Wegener. Hermann imagined an Atlantis of the South, Lemuria, situated between India and Africa and submerged in the wake of a continental cataclysm. He found remnants of this drowned continent, or more precisely he found its linguistic remains, in Malagasy language, which he saw as an avatar of the Lemurian language, and its physical remains in the island of Madagascar, together with the Mascarene islands. After Robert Edward Hart (1891-1954) and his "Cycle de Pierre Flandres" (1928-1936), it was Malcolm de Chazal, a primitivist painter and (surrealist?) poet, or “total artist” (Robert Furlong), who took his inspiration from the “Lemurian myth”. Chazal’s monographer Christophe Chabbert has shown how, for Chazal, and especially in "Petrusmok. Mythe" (1951), the myth becomes inspiration to construct a cosmogony of the islands of the Indian Ocean and to show – artistically and spiritually – their autonomy.

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Histoire et littérature: position, disposition, contrefaçon

Author(s): Sylvie Triaire / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to analyse the variation of relations between history and literature in the particular case of the French historic novel of the 19th century. It focuses on some works of Vigny, Balzac, Dumas and Flaubert and shows that most of the time, relations between literature and history range, theoretically and practically, from sharing to partition; except when tension is neutralized in the context of a non-rhetorical and non-didactical literature.

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Et si la Vie de Jésus était vraiment un roman? Renan entre histoire et littérature

Author(s): Pierre-Yves Kirschleger / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Ernest Renan’s "Vie de Jésus" [Life of Jesus] was an extraordinary scandal, a literary event. The book is often compared to Victor Hugo’s "Misérables" [The Wretched], one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. Renan’s work seeks to be scientific, but it is frequently considered to be a masterpiece of literature: Renan uses (and abuses) images, poetic imagination, aesthetic reflections, sensitive handwriting… What if the "Life of Jesus" was really a novel?

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La «sociologie» balzacienne peut-elle être utile à l’analyse de la Pologne postcommuniste? L’exemple de Balzakiana de Jacek Dehnel

Author(s): Kamil Popowicz / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This paper presents a collection of short stories by Jacek Dehnel published under a title "Balzakiana", where the author attempted to depict modern Poland in the same way that Balzac depicted France of the Restoration period in "The Human Comedy". The paper raises questions if the Polish author succeeded in his task and more importantly whether such an endeavor was legitimate i.e. are there sufficient parallels between the two countries in these two very different periods of time? The answers is affirmative since striking similarities are noted between French transition from the Revolutionary and Napoleonic period to the restoration of monarchy and Polish transition from communism to democracy. The paper also cites articles from Polish press showing that this parallel has been used by other authors, notably Adam Michnik who reached similar conclusions on his own.

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La crise démographique dans l’utopie au XVIIIe siècle

Author(s): Stanisław Świtlik / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The population number on the Earth has been worrying thinkers since the end of the 17th century. The crisis in which we can identify two averse tends, animated literary and intellectual exchanges during all the 18th century until the publication of Malthusian Essay in 1798. Utopia, whose generic construction relies on a social reflection, approaches often the problem theoretically, when it gives voice to populationists and their opponents. The article brings some light on the functioning of the literary and ideological utopia, and on use of this burning subject in philosophical debates.

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« Dans l'amitié du seuil » (Char)

Author(s): Christine DUPOUY / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Abstract: The notion of “threshold” was theorized by Genette in 1987, and refers to what is commonly called “paratext” - that is, everything that surrounds the text as such, including the publishing presentation, the name of the author. When dealing with Char, we shall look at the many dedications, epigraphs, forewords and back covers which clearly appear in his books thanks to the use of italics and which typify his writing. One point, essential to Char, was apparently not studied by Genette: the latter obviously underlines the function of presentation of what we call foreword, short of a better definition, and which Char would rather name “argumentations” or ? (bandeau). Yet, according to us, these singular texts, in relation with what follows, also have a value of their own: they are poems in the full sense of the term. Such is the aspect which we wish to study in this paper, thereby restauring the full status of text to what has been called, a bit disparagingly, paratext.

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