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Face à l’homme, face à l’animal

Author(s): Mirosław Loba / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The author seeks to relate the ideas of Élisabeth de Fontenay to what is now called an ecological turn in the humanities − particularly in literary studies − to see how the work and thought of the philosopher can accompany us in the exercise of ecocritical discourse on literature. Particular attention is paid to the reading of her book "Gaspard de la nuit. Autobiographie de mon frère", which reveals human and animal fragility and invites the questioning of contemporary ecologically sensitive discourses.

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Georges Didi-Huberman

Author(s): Tomasz Swoboda / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

If the author of The Eye of History has accustomed us to his way of finding passages between the human and the non-human, between the animate and the inanimate, between words and images, by highlighting these small flying insects in his three collections of essays, he not only imitates their way of being and applies it to the volatility of his own attempts but also, as he often does, he accounts for a certain possibility, namely that of thinking by insects, instead of thinking for oneself. Indeed, far from reducing them to a simple figure of speech, Didi-Huberman allows stick insects, moths but especially fireflies, to metamorphose thought itself to open it up to other possibilities, in particular those of the nocturnal and of the invisible. This article verifies these possibilities and sketches this “phasmatic” poetics, which goes beyond the border of poetics proper to lead to questions such as the approach of traces or the ephemeral.

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Francis Ponge

Author(s): Laurent Demoulin / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

By seeking to mimic by their rhetoric the animals they describe, the poems of Francis Ponge’s Parti pris des choses or Pièces give them a formal existence. After evoking a vigorous exchange between Francis Ponge and the American critic Bruce Morrissette, who reproached the poet for indulging in anthropomorphism, we will read a passage in which Ponge clearly claims this mimetic poetics with the formula “A rhetoric by object”. Then, we will illustrate it by analyzing a poem that Jean-Paul Sartre had commented in an article of 1944: “The butterfly”. Thus, we will show that Ponge gives a formal existence to the animals he describes and takes into account their being in the world – which is a way to defend them.

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SILENCE AS A MODALITY OF MYSTICAL EXPERIENCE IN THE WORK OF SYLVIE GERMAIN

Author(s): Silvia Rybárová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the issue of silence in the thinking and work of the contemporary French author Sylvie Germain. The starting point for deliberation is the author’s essay Acte de silence (2011), in which silence is conceived both as a manifestation of God’s discreet appearance and as an act of humility and patience of man. The presence of silence seems to be a necessary condition for mystical experience. Silence understood in this way is the subject of the analysis in a selected passage from Germain’s novel L’Enfant Méduse (1991), which suggests some specific features of the author’s poetics of the transcendent, also present in her later novel work.

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THE POETICS OF RECONCILIATION IN FRENCH LITERARY WORK OF THE 20TH CENTURY. FROM MARIE NOËL TO SYLVIE GERMAIN

Author(s): Václava Bakešová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Because of the Holocaust, World War II is the focal point for capturing spiritual experience in the 20th-century literature. How did the transformation of French spiritual literature from the poet Marie Noël in the 1st half of the century to the novelist Sylvie Germain at its end come about? Using examples from their work, this paper shows both authors’ sources of inspiration and highlights the means of expressing spirituality of a person going through an inner struggle. Although the authors describe a dark night, both of them they have a desire to overcome it, to reconcile with God, with the world and with themselves.

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Pour une poétique du seuil chez Baudelaire

Author(s): Liliana Foşalău / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In this paper, we aim to show that Baudelaire’s poetry can also be read through the perspective of a threshold poetry. Whether we talk about lyric poetry or about the one that we find in his prose poems, we can easily identify a recurrence of the threshold type elements. In this semantic category can be found the doors, windows, balconies, fences, harbours, as well as elements that don’t have material consistency and that illustrate at the highest level the metaphysics and the threshold poetry. We will include in this second category elements such as the dream, the oblivion, love, travel, death and artificial paradises.

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« Devenir lierre » : le « Poème du mur » d'Antoine Emaz (En deçà, 1990)

Author(s): Laure SAUVAGE / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This article discusses the metaliterary nature of Antoine Emaz's "Poème du mur", which raises several questions of poetics. The refusal of immobilization creates an ambivalent confrontation with the wall. Poetic language then proposes different ways of creating thresholds. We first tackle the question of the lyrical outburst, a thwarted, derisory, but persistent impetus. We then study the conflict between the closure of speech and its opening, its dispersal. The mineral nature of the wall contaminates the language and tends to freeze it, but this process is partially countered. At the broader level of Emaz's work, the "Poème du mur" initiates a poetics as much as it reflects (on) it.

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Les dix plaies de « L'Insolation » de Rachid Boudjedra

Author(s): Rym KHERIJI / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

“The ten wounds of The sunstroke by Rachid Boudjedra: immersion in "a bottomless sewer"” attempts to interpret the process that begins when reading this novel. Assuming that the choice to read such and such a novel is in itself a threshold that the reader crosses, this threshold appears significantly particular when it comes to a book that stands out in the literary landscape. Reading is taking on the features of a perilous adventure where the exploration of a universe which evokes the “mud” (Musset), the “defilement” (Bataille), “what disturbs” (Kristeva) while arousing them becomes itself "a violent and obscure revolt of the human being against what threatens him" (Kristeva). Writing constructs this process and reading reproduces it, in turn creating patterns that allow immersion in a "bottomless" abyss while resisting vertigo. We therefore tried to establish a communication network, resonances in the musical sense of the term, with another fable, the one which, in the Bible (just like in the Koran for that matter), evokes the divine punishment that falls on Egypt and the Exodus of the Jewish people. This reconstruction confers on the reading one of its characteristics: the "catharsis" (Aristotle). Can we cross the threshold of The sunstroke while remaining unharmed? Doesn't evil breed evil? What remedy for foul mud? This study attempts to answer these and other questions that arise when it comes to an incandescent work.

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Seuil du désir et immortalité perdue dans « La Peau de chagrin » de Balzac

Author(s): Diana Gradu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Raphael, the third Archangel, the one whom God heals, or who, by divine extension, has softening powers, is – in the novel La Peau de chagrin de Balzac – a name not predestined for this glorious journey. The character of Balzac is, on the contrary, a weak being who ceaselessly crosses the threshold between life and death, love and betrayal, poverty and wealth, anguish and hope. Temptation, embodied by the old antiquarian of the Voltaire quay, a sort of Dieu-Faust sui generis, pushes Raphaël de Valentin to lead a life without references, often unreasonable. La Peau de chagrin is the materialization of the consciousness that every man is mortal and to see it every day, after every action and every gesture, shrinking, can constitute an unbearable moral torture.

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Au seuil de la mer, au stade du miroir : Tristan et Yseut dans les poèmes en vers

Author(s): Brînduşa Grigoriu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Tristan and Yseut begin their career as holy terrors in the XIIth century, thanks to the French poets Béroul and Thomas. The present article suggests a refreshing approach to the ancient matiere de Tristan, via the “mirror stage” and the “fiction line” (Lacan, 1966: 92) afforded by the specular investment of the sea. L’amer / la mer becomes a liminal space favoring the generation of the couple Ego – Ego-Ideal, a horizon of bitter-sweet love (and amour-propre) to grasp through the matrix of the Philter.

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Limites et transgressions dans la fiction et l'imaginaire du roman libertin du XVIIIe siècle

Author(s): Carmen Andrei / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The present work focuses on the analysis of the threshold in the libertine imaginary, i.e. the physical, material, and affective, mental representations and (con)figurations of the boundaries and transgressions in the libertine literature of the 18th century, seen through the notion of threshold which is ever present in everything it contains on the overt/covert side, in the not-yet and already-done, the obscured-exhibited, consistently present in the temporal and spatial structures of fiction. The authors of books circulating in the free trade, "second-rate" creations, always kept on the fringes of literature, the same as their characters (young apprentices and experienced libertines), transgress everything, all bounds and frontiers, taboos and interdictions, showing a Promethean libertarian identity assertion will, a desire to defy, a bet to make or a challenge to beat.

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Au seuil de la mort. « L'autre lumière », de Mărgărita Miller-Verghy

Author(s): Mihaela Bacali / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The threshold joins two territories, often contrasting or opposing ones. In the initiation experience, death is a way of transcending lay existence to step into another life, a spiritual one, bringing about regeneration. This scenario, also present in the mystical quest, provides the storyline of the novel Cealaltă lumină (The Other Light). The clash between two tendencies: the pursuit of a life fully enjoyed in the realm of the immanent, and the awareness of belonging to another world, that of the transcendent reality, is inextricably linked to self-introspection. Thus Ariana, the protagonist of this novel, journeys from death to life; her experience allows us to explore this genre which, while maintaining the experiential character specific to autobiographic texts, is related to other writings with strong spiritual undertones, such as the initiation novel or the mystical texts. Following her initiatory journey, with its trials and tribulations and even her initiatory «death», the protagonist’s relation to the sacred is built by means of a painstaking spiritual quest, sustained by her devotion, through a continued process of interiorization. Thus, she comes to resemble the mystics who incessantly follow this path towards the Absolute.The threshold joins two territories, often contrasting or opposing ones. In the initiation experience, death is a way of transcending lay existence to step into another life, a spiritual one, bringing about regeneration. This scenario, also present in the mystical quest, provides the storyline of the novel « Cealaltă lumina » (“The Other Light”). The clash between two tendencies: the pursuit of a life fully enjoyed in the realm of the immanent, and the awareness of belonging to another world, that of the transcendent reality, is inextricably linked to self-introspection. Thus Ariana, the protagonist of this novel, journeys from death to life; her experience allows us to explore this genre which, while maintaining the experiential character specific to autobiographic texts, is related to other writings with strong spiritual undertones, such as the initiation novel or the mystical texts. Following her initiatory journey, with its trials and tribulations and even her initiatory «death», the protagonist’s relation to the sacred is built by means of a painstaking spiritual quest, sustained by her devotion, through a continued process of interiorization. Thus, she comes to resemble the mystics who incessantly follow this path towards the Absolute.The threshold joins two territories, often contrasting or opposing ones. In the initiation experience, death is a way of transcending lay existence to step into another life, a spiritual one, bringing about regeneration. This scenario, also present in the mystical quest, provides the storyline of the novel « Cealaltă lumina » (“The Other Light”). The clash between two tendencies: the pursuit of a life fully enjoyed in the realm of the immanent, and the awareness of belonging to another world, that of the transcendent reality, is inextricably linked to self-introspection. Thus Ariana, the protagonist of this novel, journeys from death to life; her experience allows us to explore this genre which, while maintaining the experiential character specific to autobiographic texts, is related to other writings with strong spiritual undertones, such as the initiation novel or the mystical texts. Following her initiatory journey, with its trials and tribulations and even her initiatory «death», the protagonist’s relation to the sacred is built by means of a painstaking spiritual quest, sustained by her devotion, through a continued process of interiorization. Thus, she comes to resemble the mystics who incessantly follow this path towards the Absolute.

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Le rêve, une liberté d'expression chez Caroline Lamarche

Author(s): Mylène Mandart / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

It is between two places, two times, but also two “self” that the figure Caroline Lamarche found herself in her work “La mémoire de l’air” (2014). The writer uses dichotomy between a conceptual life and a dreamlike life, to touch on the violation that the protagonist suffered from. It is because of the numerous key literary methods specific to dreams that Lamarche obtains a narration constantly midway between the conscious and the unconscious. When the reality becomes insufficient, reverie takes the upper hand. However, beyond the story of dreams, Lamarche suggests an interior monologue with a profound critical reflection on women in society, and his recourse of dreams to say what should have been put to rest.

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Métaphore d'un passage inquiétant chez Toussaint: « La Clé USB » ou la clé d'une porte dérobée

Author(s): Cristina Croitoru / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In the novel "La Clé USB" - a novel which represents the first part of a new novelistic cycle, followed a year later, in 2020, by "Les Emotions" - the concern for the future seems to us unprecedented in more than one regard because it springs up in the narrative structure as being associated with an immaterial threshold imagined as being material in order to be better apprehended. If fear immerses itself into the narrator's consciousness, it is only at the cost of an unexpected discovery that becomes more and more concrete as we go along, brought about by the assumption of a cyber passage illicitly created between East and West, or rather between Europe and China. But is the presence of a backdoor the real threshold that causes the narrator to feel an implacable fear, or is it just a deviation, as if to leave behind the threshold that has haunted humanity since the beginning of time, the threshold between life and death, the crossing of which remains forever irreversible?

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« Le Tableau » d'Eugène Ionesco : le mythe de la métamorphose, un seuil entre la vie et le rêve

Author(s): Maria-Luisa Țuculeanu / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our study focuses on the myth of transformation viewed in the play “The Painting” ("Le Tableau") as a passage from the imaginary universe to the real world. The title itself, strongly related to the artistic field, suggests from the very beginning the idea of imagination, oneirism, reality governed by an aesthetic ideal. Therefore, the huge canvas unrolled by the two characters Alice and the Painter can be seen as a symbolic window which separates two different worlds. For example, Alice, the ugly woman, transforms at the end of the play into a very beautiful woman wearing a crown. Thus, impossible things appear to be possible due to a magic wand, as it happens to be in fairy tales.

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Gérard de Nerval : au seuil du rêve

Author(s): Virgil Borcan / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

By postulating in “Aurélia” the dream as a second (and more filled with “substantive marrow”) life, Nerval acts as surrealist and dreamlike before the letter, and his work lends itself to a psychocritical analysis not only by virtue of its setbacks of the medical type. I set out to detect in his work (“Les Chimères”, “Aurélia”, “Les Filles du feu”) the textual clues of the (sometimes abrupt) passage from the real to the super-reality, since this is, in my opinion, that the threshold is found, which separates (or not?) the biography of the work. In this sense, Nerval is the author of limit texts (in the peratological sense of the term), and we can also read the limit as a threshold.

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Le seuil, matrice du surréel chez André Breton

Author(s): Jean-Yves Michel / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The notion of threshold appears as a fundamental key notion in André Breton’s stories, where everything takes on the face of an initiatory quest, where the revelation is a process of knowledge, where reality at a given moment topples into another revealing dimension, properly ‘surrealist’. The structure of the sentence and the text gives flesh to this quasi-mystical approach. The trilogy “Nadja - L’amour fou - Arcane 17” illustrates this notion, the eponymous character Nadja being the incarnation of it. Breton is a poet who explores the human universe in all its dimensions, through various approaches. With him emerges a holistic vision. The stories are as many initiatory quests, where are explored various universes which enter in contact, interpenetrate, to build a properly surrealist vision of the world. Both the man and the poet André Breton successively cross all the thresholds, the writing joined to the experimentation ‘in vivo’ being the place where the surreal vision can be elaborated, to build and realize a true alchemical work...

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La littérature décadente au-delà des frontières

Author(s): Paul Matei Christian Botez / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Considered to be an emblematic book for the decadent spirit of the late 19th century, “À Rebours” tells the story of a young dandy, a pessimist anti-hero, whose only desire is to retreat from the world and create his own artistic universe, where he can live in peace. This paper will examine the manner in which nobleman Jean des Esseintes builds an entirely artificial life for himself, one which involves overstepping many of the symbolic frontiers we establish in our day to day lives: between reality and dreams, between past and present, between nature and artifice, even between health and illness. I will also examine the extent to which the collapse of the novel's only physical frontier - namely the one between the house in Fontenay-aux-Roses and the outside world - illustrates the failure of the protagonist's daring aesthetic project.

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Le festival littéraire - seuil vers l'imaginaire

Author(s): Andra NICA / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The interest that festivals arouse has led us to set up this study, which responds to a primarily historian concern. After a first part which questions the history and the origin of this literary event and its peculiarities, the second presents the functions of the festival which becomes a factor of literary legitimation, notoriety and reputation for the territories and for the writers. With the help of sociological surveys and analyzes applied to literary festivals, we will address in this work the question of the literary festival as a threshold towards the world of the imaginary, able to play the role of opening towards a magical universe where time loses its bearings while space has no more borders.

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Conditions de satisfaction, maximes conversationnelles et règles de politesse ou comment faire échouer un acte de langage

Author(s): Carmen-Ștefania Stoean / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

We are looking at a certain type of directive speech acts, namely the failed speech acts. These are acts that aren’t able to reach their purpose or, if they do, they do it insufficiently. We aim at identifying the parameters that make their functioning problematic or completely prevent them from realization. Our research has a threefold development: Firstly, we describe the systems of rules following which illocutionary acts are performed, knowing that their failure derives, in principle, from the non-compliance to one or more rules of the same system or of different system of rules. Secondly, we identify the different failed speech acts and classify them based on the source of their failure (the rule / rules that were not obeyed). Finally, in the last part of our research, we analyze the consequences of noncompliance with the rules on the development and the output of the verbal exchanges where the selected speech acts are performed. Our presentation only covers the first two parts of the presentation.

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