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The Study of the Natural Characteristics of the Basin as a Function of Forecasting Erosion and Deposition Processes on the Example of the Selected Basin

Author(s): Đorđe Nikolić,Milena Nikolić,Jugoslav Nikolić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

For an integral perception of the possibility of forecasting erosion-deposition processes and their consequences it is essential to analyze the factors of erosion and deposition. The attempt was made in the paper to analyze quantitative and qualitative impact of some of the most important factors of erosion-deposition processes. The analysis was performed through a multidisciplinary approach, on the example of the Zapadna Morava River upper basin. The methodology of research encompasses an application of the adequate knowledge from the areas of meteorology, geomorphology, hydrogeology, spatial planning, economic geography, forestry, hydrology and environmental protection. The analysis encompasses meteorological factors, terrain characteristics and anthropogenic factors. The importance of the analysis and forecasts of the investigated processes for the industry, economy, spatial planning and environmental protection was emphasized.

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Volcanism Of Hot Spots On The Réunion As The Example

Author(s): Aleksandar Valjarević,Danica Srećković-Batoćanin,Dragan Radovanović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Réunion (French.: La Réunion, formerly: Īle Bourbon) is beside the Mauritius the largest and the youngest island on the Mascarene Plateau in the Indian Ocean. The island is of volcanic origin, formed through volcanic activity initiated by deeply settled “hot spot” inside the Earth’s mantle. It was formed within the last 2,000,000 years from lava effusions whose volume is up to now nearly 75,000 km3 . Only 3% of its volume is emergent and the total height from the sea floor is 6,500 m. The island is about 40 km in width with about 800,000 inhabitants. The capital city is St Denis. The nature of the island is impressive: active volcano, mountains above 3,000 m in height and deep canyon, frequently exceeding 2,000 m in depth. Since 2010, about 40% of its area is announced a National park and a UNESCO World Heritage site.

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Fotografia lotnicza jako narzędzie do identyfikacji kopalnych poligonów mrozowych – przegląd literatury

Author(s): Maciej Dąbski,Patrycja Fabijańska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

The article is a literature review concerning the use of aerial photography in identifying fossil frost polygons.In Poland, research on this topic has been conducted since the 1970s and concentrated in Wielkopolska(a young-glacial area), where sand wedges formed in the glacial till of Wisła Glaciation. In order to cover the issuein a broader sense, the authors also provide examples and methods that have been applied in other areas of outsidePoland. The presence of anthropogenic objects (modern and archaeological), sometimes makes it difficult to detectfrost polygons. Under favorable conditions for soil moisture and land use, aerial photography based on visible radiationfacilitates the mapping of fossil frost structures that indicate the occurrence of Pleistocene permafrost.

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Ocena tempa i kierunków zarastania jezior przy wykorzystaniu znormalizowanego różnicowego wskaźnika wegetacji NDVI na przykładzie jeziora Gardno

Author(s): Roman Cieśliński,Kamil Mironik,Artur Młodzik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

The development of aquatic vegetation in the littoral zone significantly change the nature of the immediate surroundings of the lake basin. However, the process of disappearance is affected not only by the lush succession of water vegetation, but also by the supply of bottom material, introduced by watercourses. The aim of the study isestimate the rate of overgrowth coastal reservoirs on example of Gardno lake, based on the normalized differential NDVI vegetation index. The assessment of the changes, taking place in the individual summer seasons within thelake basin, a thorough analysis based on satellite imagery performed for 2000-2014. The main aim, was to developan appropriate method to determine the extent of expansion of water vegetation on the example of a selected lake. Preliminary results, compiled with monthly average air temperatures and monthly mean precipitation totals, performed relationships between effective overgrowth and local meteorological conditions. The observed changes, inthe ever-growing littoral zone allow, us to suppose that the Gardno lake was going to disappear.

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An Overview of Geoprocessing and Export Options for Creating 3D GIS Models Using Drone2Map

Author(s): Ana Cornelia Badea,Gheorghe Badea / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2020

In this article the main topic of interest is to explore the processing possibilities offered by the latest version of Drone2Map. At the same time, we want to highlight the ways of sharing the 2D and 3D products obtained, but also the means of their subsequent analysis in the established GIS environment. One of the major advantages identified is primarily the interoperability of Drone2Map - ArcGIS Online – ArcGIS Pro.

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On the Generalization Algorithms Applied in GIS Environment

Author(s): Gheorghe Badea,Ana Cornelia Badea / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2020

Generalization in GIS is a very complex and important aspect, and the evolution of GIS technology has led to the creation of tools based on complex algorithms, which greatly facilitate the work of specialists. GIS software capabilities thus include spatial transformations that change geometric data and topological representation. Data processing by generalization refers to raster data and vector data. The article focus is on presenting and comparing the usability of four simplification algorithms (Douglas-Peucker (DP), Wang-Müller(WM), Zhou-Jones (ZJ), Visvalingam-Whyatt(VW)), applied for some examples on polygon layers, to emphasize the changes due to generalization.

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The Predicting of the Average Temperatures Evolution from Romania and the Resuts Visualisation with the Geographical Information Systems

Author(s): Codruț-George Benedic,Iohan NEUNER / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2020

In this article we have tried to present some significant aspects regarding the evolution of average temperatures in Romania. For the study, the statistical data provided by the National Meteorological Administration were used. Finally, it was presented the way of temperatures evolution, through suggestive maps, made using GIS applications.

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT – AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE APPROACH

Author(s): Kristina DUVNJAK,Maja Gregorić,Mateja GORŠE / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2020

In mid 20s Carson (1963) raised the question of environmental issues in economics as one that should be discussed by practitioners and researchers. From that point, the environmental issues from the analysis of exhaustible and productive resources to its economic role and consequentially its impact, were examined. Environment affects must be considered as human activity-based processes which repercussions effect economy in general. Thus, the long-term decision-making processes in economy must take into account future generations as well. Furthermore, tourism as an economic activity is growing rapidly and one must take into consideration, that it is based on, primarily, natural environment and man-made resources. Degradation of basic tourism resources can lead to decrease of tourism demand. Therefore, the analysis of environmental impact on tourism, and vice versa, the impact of tourism on environment is crucial. With the development of information technology sector, new and innovative methods for analysis and forecasting have emerged such as artificial intelligence. The main hypothesis of this paper is to research how artificial intelligence can contribute to analysis and investigating environmental aspect of tourism. Therefore, the paper provides a theoretical overview of possible fields of artificial intelligence usage in sustainability, in the context of tourism development.

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Analiza promjene uporabe zemljišta na primjeru Panonskih brda u Sloveniji

Author(s): Rok Ciglič,Jennifer Deriaz,Matija Zorn,Mateja Ferk,Dénes Lóczy / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 15/2019

In several Central European countries, land use changes can be analysed on the basis of the Franciscan Cadastre. The main aim of the paper was to analyse land use dynamics with the Franciscan Cadastre and modern land use data. The study was carried out by calculating land use structure and landscape metrics for a part of Slovenske Gorice region in Slovenia. The analysis showed that the forest area expanded, and fields and vineyards areas diminished. In general, today’s landscape is made of less patches, but they are larger and of more irregular shapes.

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Prospecțiuni geofizice în județul Galați. Situl Negrilești și Muzeul Casa Cuza Vodă

Author(s): Mihai Andrei,Alexandra Gerea,Alexandru-Ionuț Micu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

In recent years, geophysical methods have seen a surge in popularity, being applied in a large number of fields, inculding archaeology. Here, we present some representative results from a set of surveys carried out in the Galați county.The Negrilești-Curtea Școlii (Negrilești-School Yard) site was first investigated over 30 years and has since produced much archaeological material, spanning from the early Neolithic through to the modern age. Considering the large area that still remains unexplored, geophysical methods are excellently suited for this site. At the same time, the Cuza House Museum in Galați, currently undergoing renovations, offers a unique opportunity for indoor surveys inside this monument. An experiment on the edge of an excavated area was also carried out. We carried out several profiles using two geophysical methods (Ground Penetrating Radar and Electrical Resistivity Tomography) which were well suited for the area. The processing and interpretation of the data was then carried out, revealing several features of interest.The surveys were hampered by a number of equipment issues, yet the results are useful for future prospection and a better understanding of the investigated areas and can serve as a starting point for future work.

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SLOVAČKA JAMA NA SJEVERNOM VELEBITU

Author(s): Darko Bakšić,Branko Jalžić,Damir Lacković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2000

While surveying the terrain on the 28th July 1995, Slovak cavers B. Šmida and M. Grifik found the entrance of a Slovak cave pot-hole. After nine days of speleo exploration, Slovaks reached the "bottom" at the depth of-514 m. They have also noted the side passage at the depth of-350 m. During summer 1996 Slovaks, together with their colleagues from the University Mountaineering Society "Velebit", continued the exploration of the Slovak cave in the horizontal passage at 350 m of depth. Three weeks later they reached depth of -1000 m. For the first time they observed in the cave an endemic troglobiontic leech named Croatobranchus mestrovi. In October 1996 a group of cavers from Zagreb, members of the societies "Velebit" and "Željezničar", in co-operation with the Croatian Natural History Museum, descended into the cave to the depth of 570 m with aim to collect a specimen of the leech for further scientific research. But, instead of a leech, they found the remnants of the unknown Coleopteran species of genus Radziella. In 1998 and 1999 Croatian-Slovak expeditions, under the leadership of Darko Bakšić and Branislav Šmida, took place with aim to continue survey of the cave. In 1998 Slovak cave was surveyed in two separated passages. Slovak cavers by the end of cavern Pompeji reached the depth of 1022 m, while the Croatian cavers reached in Kalkulovski passage (the continuation of the passage is named Velebni kanal) the depth of 1268 m. In 1999, after eight days of long surveying at the depth of 1254 m, Croatian cavers explored 670 new metres of horizontal passages and reached the depth of 1301 m. Slovak cavers discovered in upper parts passage named Zumpa at the depth of 866 m and Hermanova studnja at -530 m. This depth makes Slovak cave the 17th deepest in the world at the list of the deepest world caves. Important values are length that is 2414 m and included length of 5548 m.

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MORFOGRAFSKO-MORFOSTRUKTURNO PROUČAVANJE VELEBITA NA OSNOVI ORBITALNE SNIMKE U BOJI M 1:200.000 S POSEBNIM OSVRTOM NA TRAGOVE PALEOTEKUĆICA

Author(s): Vilko Klein / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/1996

In this work the author deals with morphographic-morphostructural division of the mountain of Velebit by means of the coloured orbital photograph M 1:200.000. The most important seems to be bipartite rcsp. quadripartite transversal division of the mountain and the phenomenon of its cuneiform morphographic structure. A lot of ruts of the arch-bent elements of an old valley-net rcsp. of paleostream beds can be noted there. It all suggests that a great number of streams was running through the present-day high mountain residual plateau of Velebit some time in its geological past. It was the time when mountain was a part of its and that of Lika's lower laid and more extensive plateau. The separated arch characteristics of the relief reconfirm the presence of annular structures outlined spherically or ovaly. They so seem to be further particularity of the morphostructural pattern of Velebit. Likewise, the possibility of fractal analysis of the chaotically arranged relief elements of Velebit has been pointed out.

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Jak mierzyć przyjazność przestrzeni dla ruchu pieszego?

Author(s): Joanna Jaczewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

Walking as the elementary and most natural transport mode is often viewed as neglected. In the course of the 20th century it has lost its significance due to modernist visions and the dynamic development of motor vehicles. In the recent years we observe a change in the way walking is perceived and the resulting prioritizing of it as a transport system. As recent research studies make evident, pedestrians-oriented urban projects facilitate sustainable development of cities and prove to have a positive impact on the physical activity of the inhabitants and their overall health. That raises the question: how to evaluate the walkability of a specific space? Recently, a number of research studies have attempted to determine the degree of impact that particular factors exercise on human physical activity. The present article systematises recent concepts of walkability measurement on the basis of the relevant literature and, in particular, on the basis of two cross-sectional comparative papers that bring together the dispersed knowledge on the subject. The article considers the key measurement methods as well as their advantages and potential limitations. In the summary possible applications of research results and outlooks for research methods have been proposed. It is necessary to verify the methods used in the Polish local conditions. In order to secure more comparability of results the author claims a standardisation of indicators, as well as inclusion of internal factors that might influence the differentiation of walking behaviours. Finally, making use of big data is recommended.

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Gelionių ir Žaliojo ežerų morfometrija

Author(s): Marijus Pileckas,Tauras Alekna,Vaidotas Valskys / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: -/2021

Bathymetric surveys of Gelionys and Žaliasis Lakes (located in the Baltic Uplands, Aukštadvaris Regional Park, Lithuania) were carried out on April 21, 2020, from a boat with attached Lowrance HDI SKIMMER XDCR transducer (200 kHz), Simrad GO5 chartplotter and Lowrance Point-1 GPS/Glonass receiver. At the same time, the shorelines of the lakes were revised. Average distance between profiles was ~10 m and depth measurement accuracy up to 2–5 cm. Accuracy of water surface elevation measurement using GNSS receiver Topcon Hiper SR up to 1–2 cm. Later, detailed (0.5 × 0.5 m) digital lake bottom models (DEM) were developed, bathymetric plans of the lakes were created, the main morphometric features were calculated, the boundaries and area of the lake catchments were defined, and the physical-geographical characteristics of the lakes were described based on field observations and various data. Gelionys and Žaliasis are small lakes of glaciokarst origin. Gelionys Lake is oval-shaped while shape of Žaliasis Lake is closer to the circle. Despite small surface area the lakes are quite deep. According to survey data, the surface area of Gelionys Lake is 4.79 ha, water surface elevation 216.1 m a.s.l., maximum depth 19.8 m, mean depth 6.0 m, volume 288.3 thousands m3 , catchment area 71 ha. The surface area of Žaliasis Lake is 2.14 ha, water surface elevation 120.9 m a.s.l., maximum depth 15.84 m, mean depth 5.7 m, volume 122.2 thousands m3 , catchment area 60 ha. During the observation period (from May of 2018 to September of 2020), the annual amplitude of water level fluctuations in Gelionys Lake reached up to 0.47 m, and in Žaliasis Lake up to 0.33 m.

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A bibliometric analysis on dependency theory

Author(s): Saleh Arman,Tazin Ahmed / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

Dependency theory, established after World War II, is a popular theory among economists to portray the relationship between the underdeveloped and the developed countries that conditions the ability of the underdeveloped countries to develop. Several concepts have been merged into this area from different corners, making it interdisciplinary. As a lucrative area of interest in research, the study would like to assess how the concept of dependency theory has been widely accepted among authors from different corners and schools of thoughts and how their research outputs make a significant notation in this area. The research conducted a bibliometric analysis on dependency theory. 1074 Scopus indexed documents in English were considered. The study covered the two pillars of bibliography analysis: performance analysis and science mapping. The study used several formulas to calculate parameters of performance analysis and availed Vosviewer software to make maps of science-mapping analysis. The study concluded that dependency theory is a significant theory in economics and has significant implications in different research publications. This bibliometric analysis surfaces the significance of this theory which would attract researchers in incorporating more interdisciplinary research.

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Projekt nauki wspólnotowej: społeczne monitorowanie skutków katastrofy ekologicznej Deepwater Horizon

Author(s): Agnieszka Jelewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The article discusses the strategies and research methods used within the community science paradigm developed by the Public Lab group. The workshops and practices of scientific cooperation with local communities are discussed on the example of the Public Lab’s founding project – monitoring the effects of an ecological disaster related to the oil spill from BP’s Deepwater Horizon oil platform into the Gulf of Mexico in 2010. The methods used to conduct the research were based on the local community’s involvement and led to the establishment of new models to disseminate data and scientific knowledge in which local participants play a crucial role and have access to essential measurement data. The article discusses the DIY method’s applications, the technique of experimental cartography and mapping performed using meteorological balloons and kites. The community research methods are juxtaposed with the contemporary contexts of the evolving blue turn in the humanities, social sciences, and media practices.

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Georeferenced gridded data handled by GMT: cartographic solutions for geophysical mapping

Author(s): Polina Lemenkova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The functionality of Generic Mapping Tools (GMT) to process and visualize geospatial information is crucial to the development of the advanced cartographic method. This paper presents modelling and spatial analysis of the marine geological data using GMT shell scripting. GMT demonstrated effective cartographic solutions for visualization of the georeferenced data. The particular feature of GMT consists in its scripting modular approach that enables to use machine learning to explore reliable georeferenced data. Here, the study applies a sequential shell scripting to devise GMT modules for depicting marine geological data on the Mariana Trench. The data cover bathymetry, geophysics, tectonics and geology. The first method makes use of the 'nearneighbor' GMT module for grid contour modelling using Nearest Neighbor algorithm. This form of modelling classifies the geospatial data based on a similarity. The second method presents surface modelling from the initial XYZ-ASCII dataset by a combination of the 'blockmean' and 'surface' modules. The third method includes the use of the modules 'grdimage', 'psbasemap' and 'grdcontour' for plotting. Compared to GIS methods in which data are processed in a menu, GMT presents the console-based approach which automates cartographic data processing. The results present seven new maps and explanations of scripts.A combination of visual approaches applied using a color fill and various textures to represent data, which is effective in allowing readers to assess geophysical setting. The study demonstrated the effectiveness of GMT in geodata visualization.

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Combining Topographic Measurements and Photogrammetric Works in Order to Achieve Digital 3D Model of the Apor Palace

Author(s): Alexandra Dreghici,Levente Dimén,Ioan Ienciu,Diana Monica Vancea / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2021

In recent years, there has been a strong emphasis on developing tools to streamline the realization of three-dimensional virtual models of cities. Therefore, the algorithms used to create 3D models are based on the combination of classical or GPS measurements with images taken using digital terrestrial or aerial camera systems. The visualization of the three-dimensional virtual models of the buildings is most often made on the basis of online platforms, created for this purpose. Such a well-built platform will quickly load the 3D model of the building and will allow its exploitation to the maximum level. The obtained result is very important in fields such as architecture and urbanism, offering the possibility to make simulations and visualizations on the project, to draw up projects for the reconstruction or restoration of monuments and buildings.

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Use of Topographic Techniques and Technologies in the Management of Stored Waste Volumes

Author(s): Ioan Ienciu,Levente Dimén,Alexandra Dreghici,Georgeta Melania Sonica / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2021

Waste generation is the indicator that best illustrates the extent of the interaction between human activities and the environment. Waste generation usually follows consumption and production trends and monitoring of landfills in landfills for large urban agglomerations is a key parameter for waste management over a period.To this end, this paper addressed the topic of calculating the volume of waste deposited, using topographic techniques and technologies.

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Topographic Study on the Rehabilitation of the Land Surface Related to the Izvor Sports Complex Located in Bocşa Locality, Caraş-Severin County, Romania

Author(s): Ioan Voina,George Emanuel Voicu / Language(s): English Issue: 31/2021

The use of engineering topography, both in the realization of works of art and in their rehabilitation, is a particularly important element in the adoption of the best technical, economic and sustainable solutions.In this article, we set out to present a topographic study necessary for the rehabilitation of a land area related to a sports complex located in Bocşa, Caraş-Severin County in Romania

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