Series:Analitika - Policy Brief

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The Collective Anti-Discrimination Lawsuit in the System of Protection against Discrimination in BiH

Kolektivna tužba u sistemu zaštite od diskriminacije u BiH: ključni nedostaci pravnog okvira i prijedlozi rješenja

Author(s): Boris Topić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; discrimination; legislation; court; lawsuit; protection;

Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije BiH regulisan je i institut kolektivne tužbe za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Ovim institutom nevladinim organizacijama se daje mogućnost da pokrenu parnični postupak u slučaju diskriminacije većeg broja lica. Međutim, uprkos rasprostranjenosti pojava diskriminacije u BiH, ovaj oblik apstraktne antidiskriminacione zaštite nije naišao na odgovarajuću primjenu. Određena poboljšanja zakonske regulative u pogledu prirode i vrste zahtjeva iz kolektivne tužbe, fleksibilnijeg uređivanja aktivne legitimacije i subjektivnih granica presude mogu da doprinesu boljem razumijevanju ovog instituta, kao i proširivanju kruga potencijalnih podnosilaca tužbe, a time i do njegove šire upotrebe.

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A Neglected Standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Proactive Dimension of the Right to Access Information

A Neglected Standard in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Proactive Dimension of the Right to Access Information

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; neglected standards; information access; rights; public administration; public authorities;

The legal framework on the right to access information in Bosnia and Herzegovina does not contain an established duty of public institutions to voluntarily disclose information in their possession relevant to the public, even without a specific request. Such a legal framework deviates significantly from recent international standards in this area, which stipulate that public institutions must not only reply to individual requests, but that they should proactively disclose certain categories of information in the public interest. The concept of proactive transparency is not adequately regulated in such a legal framework, which is reflected, among other things, in the fragmentation and only partial regulation of the duty of proactive disclosure of information in the public interest, as well as in the lack of legal protection of information users. An analysis of regulations relevant to the proactive segment of the right of access to information indicates the necessity of establishing in law minimal standards relating to the content and quality of the publication of information in the public interest.

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Media Assistance in Serbia: Achievements and Challenges

Media Assistance in Serbia: Achievements and Challenges

Author(s): Davor Marko / Language(s): English

Keywords: Serbia; media; media system; assistance; reforms;

Media assistance programs played a significant role in the development of media system in Serbia during last 20 years. While in 1990s media assistance efforts focused on ensuring the survival of independent media outlets under the authoritarian rule of the Milošević regime, the scope of the assistance expanded after the regime collapsed in 2000, to address a range of issues, such as legal reforms, the establishment of regulatory bodies, the transformation of the state TV into a public service broadcaster, professionalization of journalism, and management of media outlets. However, in many ways the reforms still depend on continuous external support. Hence, this policy brief outlines key challenges to the media reforms, and lists several lessons that could inform the future media assistance efforts in Serbia.

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International Media Assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Lessons Learned

International Media Assistance in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Lessons Learned

Author(s): Nidžara Ahmetašević,Tarik Jusić / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; media; international media assistance; law; media reforms; media pluralism;

Bosnia and Herzegovina has benefited from comprehensive and prolonged international media assistance efforts during the last two decades: the legal framework was thoroughly reformed; regulatory and self-regulatory mechanisms were introduced; the independent and commercial media sector received substantial support; and a public service broadcasting system was created. However, many reform initiatives have been met with fierce resistance, while others failed or were only partially successful. In some cases, once the donors and international actors reduced their involvement, the reform processes stopped or were reversed. This policy brief looks into the complex relationship between the local context on one side, and the media reforms that were initiated through international assistance programs on the other. The goal is to identify some of the key challenges to the media assistance efforts in the country, and eventually to draw some lessons for future assistance projects.

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Prosecuting Hate Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Problems in Prosecutorial Practice

Prosecuting Hate Crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Problems in Prosecutorial Practice

Author(s): Azra Kuči / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; hate crimes; court; prosecution; prosecutorial practice; police; civil society;

Taking the current legal regulations pertaining to hate crimes as a starting point, Analitika conducted research to identify some of the key problems faced by prosecutors in Bosnia and Herzegovina in their practice of prosecuting hate crimes. The research has shown that problems arise at the very beginning of the investigation, due to shortcomings in police reports. The absence of official indicators for recognizing bias motivation causes difficulties for prosecutors and for the police. Furthermore, there is a perception of the prevalence of various manifestations of hatred and bias, which leads to difficulties in distinguishing important from less important incidents motivated by hatred. There are also practical problems, foremost among them being the lack of training in this area, lack of access to relevant literature and examples from comparative case law. Another significant factor contributing to the inadequate prosecution of hate crimes in Bosnia and Herzegovina is related to structural problems such as the absence of a procedural protocol for these cases and the insufficient cooperation of prosecutors and the police with civil society.

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A City’s Decline: Towards the Prevention of Deterioration of Public Spaces in Sarajevo Neighborhoods

A City’s Decline: Towards the Prevention of Deterioration of Public Spaces in Sarajevo Neighborhoods

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; Sarajevo; public spaces; communal services;

The visible decline of public spaces in urban neighborhoods in Sarajevo is a result of a number of factors, including an imprecise normative framework and a lack of standards for certain communal services, as well as insufficient mechanisms of control of the delivery and quality of services in the areas of communal cleanliness and the maintenance of public areas. In addition, there are a number of obvious obstacles to the sanctioning of offences of littering, damaging or destroying urban spaces. Moreover, mechanisms of communication between responsible institutions and the residents of Sarajevo are wanting. This policy brief provides recommendations that aim to improve the current regulation and practice in order to prevent further physical deterioration of public spaces. It is primarily intended for the representatives of cantonal and local authorities in Sarajevo.

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A City’s Decline: Towards the Prevention of Deterioration of Public Spaces in Sarajevo Neighborhoods

Degradacija grada: ka sprečavanju propadanja javnih prostora u sarajevskim naseljima

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; Sarajevo; public spaces; communal services;

Očigledno propadanje javnih prostora u urbanim naseljima u Sarajevu rezultat je niza faktora, uključujući neprecizan normativni okvir i nedostatak standarda za pojedine komunalne djelatnosti , te nedovoljne mehanizme kontrole isporuke i kvaliteta usluga u oblasti ma komunalne čistoće i održavanja javnih površina. Također, evidentan je i niz prepreka sankcioniranju prekršaja koji se odnose na onečišćenje i uništavanje urbanih prostora, kao i neadekvatni mehanizmi komunikacije između nadležnih institucija i stanovnika Sarajeva. Ovaj sažetak nudi preporuke usmjerene na unapređenje aktualne regulative i prakse kako ne bi došlo do daljnje fizičke deterioracije javnih prostora, a prvenstveno je namijenjen predstavnicima kantonalne i lokalne vlasti u Sarajevu.

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From Collection to Prevention - Preconditions for Comprehensive Gathering of Information on Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

From Collection to Prevention - Preconditions for Comprehensive Gathering of Information on Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Emina Ćerimović / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; discrimination; information access; politics; human rights: refugees;

As a result of the adoption of the Law on Prohibition of Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina in July 2009, all institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) are required to collect and keep records of data on cases of discrimination. According to this law, the institution responsible for monitoring its implementation is the Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees of BiH. This Ministry is also obliged to coordinate the collection of data and to act as a central repository of data on discrimination in the broader sense. In addition, the Ministry has the responsibility to report on the instances and the scope of discrimination in the country. Almost four years later, numerous provisions of the law in this area have not been realized. As a consequence, it is not possible to map the actual state of discrimination in BiH, which ultimately does not allow for the formulation of adequate policies and activities of protection against discriminatory treatment in BiH, as well as its prevention.

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From Collection to Prevention - Preconditions for Comprehensive Gathering of Information on Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Od evidencije do prevencije: pretpostavke za sistemsko prikupljanje informacija o diskriminaciji u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Emina Ćerimović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; discrimination; information access; politics; human rights: refugees;

Usvajanjem Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije u julu 2009. godine svim institucijama u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) propisana je obaveza prikupljanja i vođenja evidencije podataka o predmetima diskriminacije. Prema ovom zakonu, institucija odgovorna za nadzor nad njegovim sprovođenjem je Ministarstvo za ljudska prava i izbjeglice BiH. Ministarstvo je obavezno i da koordinira aktivnosti prikupljanja podataka te da djeluje kao centralni repozitorij podataka o diskriminaciji u širem smislu. Pored toga, Ministarstvo ima obavezu izvještavanja o pojavama i obimu diskriminacije. No, i skoro četiri godine nakon njegova usvajanja brojne odredbe Zakona o zabrani diskriminacije u ovom domenu ostaju neispunjene. Posljedica toga je nepostojanje uvida u stvarno stanje diskriminacije u društvu, što onemogućuje razvoj i provođenje adekvatnih politika i aktivnosti usmjerenih ka suzbijanju i zaštiti od diskriminatornog postupanja u Bosni i Hercegovini.

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Unused Potential: The Role and Importance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Protection Against Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Unused Potential: The Role and Importance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Protection Against Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Boris Topić / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; discrimination; protection; NGO; civil society; role; importance;

The Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination BiH, inter alia, allows non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in BiH to provide support to victims of discrimination by participating in judicial proceedings on behalf of plaintiff and, for the purpose of abstract protection of victims of discrimination, by filing a collective lawsuit. Although the antidiscrimination law has already been in force for three years, the number of proceedings instigated under this Law is very low, and the participation of NGOs in its implementation is practically negligible. The obstacles preventing NGOs in engaging more actively in antidiscrimination proceedings are partly the result of the legal provisions themselves, but are primarily the consequence of certain practical problems, such as: the lack of stimulating environment for the participation of NGOs in judicial proceedings, the lack of financial and human resources and the technical problem of the lack of records on instigated proceedings.

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Unused Potential: The Role and Importance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Protection Against Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Neiskorišteni potencijal: uloga i značaj nevladinih organizacija u zaštiti od diskriminacije u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Boris Topić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; discrimination; protection; NGO; civil society; role; importance;

Zakonom o zabrani diskriminacije BiH nevladine organizacije (NVO), između ostalog, su ovlaštene da pruže podršku žrtvama diskriminacije uključujući se u sudski postupak na strani tuženog, kao i da u cilju apstraktne zaštite žrtava diskriminacije podnesu kolektivne tužbe. Iako je antidiskriminacioni zakon na snazi već tri godine, broj postupaka povodom ovog zakona je vrlo mali, a ušešće NVO-a u njegovom provođenju gotovo zanemarivo. Prepreke koje sprečavaju nevladine organizacije da se aktivnije uključe u postupke za zaštitu diskriminacije se djelimično odnose i na sama zakonska rješenja, ali, prije svega, na određene praktične probleme kao što su: nepostojanje poticajnog okruženja za učestvovanje NVO-a u sudskim postupcima, nedostatak finansijskih i kadrovskih resursa i tehnički problem nepostojanja evidencija o pokrenutim postupcima.

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The Ombudsman in The System of Protection Against Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Situation Analysis and Characteristic Problems

The Ombudsman in The System of Protection Against Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Situation Analysis and Characteristic Problems

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; Ombudsman institution; human rights; discrimination; protection; situation analysis;

The Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination of Bosnia and Herzegovina defines the Institution of Human Rights Ombudsman of Bosnia and Herzegovina as a central institution for protection against discrimination. However, the existing anti-discrimination mechanism provided for in the Law on the Prohibition of Discrimination is faced with a number of problems that affect the work of this Institution. The main structural problem relates to insufficient budget available to the Ombudsman of BiH, resulting in the lack of staff. Other problems derive from this circumstance, such as insufficient territorial coverage and accessibility of the Institution, as well as the lack of efficiency, specialisation and expertise in particular areas of discrimination. Moreover, the problems occur in the context of relationship between the courts and this Institution in cases of discrimination resulting from the lack of complementarity between the two. Thus, for example, courts may issue decisions contrary to the recommendations of the Ombudsman of BiH without providing reasoning for taking such action, which negatively affects the principle of legal certainty.

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The Ombudsman in The System of Protection Against Discrimination in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Situation Analysis and Characteristic Problems

Ombudsmen u sistemu zaštite od diskriminacije u Bosni i Hercegovini: analiza situacije i karakteristični problemi

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; Ombudsman institution; human rights; discrimination; protection; situation analysis;

Zakon o zabrani diskriminacije (ZZD) definira Ombudsmena BiH kao centralnu instituciju za zaštitu od diskriminacije. Međutim, u aktuelnom mehanizmu zaštite od diskriminacije propisanom u ZZD-u, javlja se niz problema koji utječu na rad ove institucije. Glavni strukturalni problem se tiče nedovoljnih budžetskih sredstava kojima Ombudsmen BiH raspolaže, što rezultira i manjkom kadra. Takva situacija povlači i druge probleme kao što su nedovoljna teritorijalna rasprostranjenost i dostupnost institucije, te nedovoljna efikasnost, specijalizacija i eksperti za u pojedinim oblastima diskriminacije. Također, problemi se javljaju i u kontekstu odnosa sudova i ove institucije u predmeti ma diskriminacije, utoliko što između njih nije osigurana komplementarnost. Tako npr. sudovi bez posebnog obrazloženja mogu donijeti odluke protivno preporukama Ombudsmena, čime se olako dovodi u pitanje princip pravne sigurnosti .

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Development of The e-procurement System in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Razvoj sistema e-nabavki u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Ivan Kutleša / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; public procurement; e-procurement; development;

Uspostavljanje jedinstvenog portala za e-nabavke (www.ejn.gov.ba) krajem 2014. godine predstavlja dobar osnov za razvoj efikasnog sistema e-nabavki u BiH. Međutim, do sada je implementirana otprilike polovina funkcionalnih modula neophodnih za zaokružen sistem elektronskih javnih nabavki, a nedostaju i važni formalno-pravni preduvjeti, prije svega kada je riječ o podzakonskim aktima iz Zakona o elektronskom potpisu i izmjenama Zakona o javnim nabavkama, kojima bi se omogućilo elektronsko dostavljanje i evaluacija ponuda, što ukazuje na to da je sistem elektronskih nabavki još uvijek u ranoj fazi razvoja.

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Towards Greater Transparency of Public Procurement Contracts in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ka većoj transparentnosti ugovora o javnoj nabavi u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Stanka Pejaković / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; public procurement; transparency; EU; contracts;

Pitanje objavljivanja ugovora o javnoj nabavi u BiH je djelomično usklađeno sa zahtjevima direktiva EU o javnoj nabavi, no i dalje postoje normativne nedostatnosti, koje se uglavnom tiču potpunosti i funkcionalnosti. Stoga su u ovom sažetku analizirane odredbe Zakona o javnim nabavama BiH, koje se odnose na objavljivanje ugovora o javnoj nabavi u BiH, pri čemu su detektirani problemi koji idu nauštrb načela transparentnosti. Glavni rezultati analize nedvojbeno ukazuju na potrebu za temeljitom zakonodavnom reformom, zbog čega su ponuđeni konkretni prijedlozi u cilju poboljšanja pojedinih zakonskih rješenja.

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Social Assistance System in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Neglected Potential of Active Social Policies

Sistem socijalne pomoći u bosni i hercegovini: zanemareni potencijal aktivnih socijalnih politika

Author(s): Amar Numanović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; social assistance; system; wellfare systems; active social policies;

U aktuelnim raspravama o nedostacima i mogućim reformama sistema socijalne zaštite u Bosni i Hercegovini, uglavnom se zanemaruje problem nedovoljne usklađenosti i neintegriranosti socijalnih politika sa politikama tržišta rada, odnosno nedovoljno razvijena aktivacijska komponenta socijalnih mjera. Stoga je osnovni cilj ovoga teksta predstaviti aktuelne politike i trendove Evropske unije u oblasti socijalnih politika, naročito se fokusirajući na aktivacijsku dimenziju ovih politika, te analizirati postojeće stanje i institucionalni okvir u BiH u ovom kontekstu. Formulirano je nekoliko preporuka sa ciljem unapređenja postojećeg sistema socijalne zaštite u pravcu stvaranja pretpostavki za realizaciju njegove inkluzivne funkcije i implementacije aktivnih socijalnih politika.

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Local Communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina: The Potential of Neglected Institutions

Mjesne zajednice u Bosni i Hercegovini: Potencijal zanemarenih institucija

Author(s): Mirna Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; local communities; governance; neglected institutions; evaluation;

Rezultati istraživanja o mjesnim zajednicama (MZ) u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH), prezentirani u ovom sažetku, ukazuju na to da je njihovo učešće u različitim lokalnim pitanjima od direktne važnosti za potrebe stanovnika zajednice. Istraživanje također ukazuje na različite moguće uloge koje bi MZ mogle obavljati u zavisnosti od potreba zajednice. Ipak, većina MZ-a u BiH je de facto ostala bez zadataka, kapaciteta i sredstava, te je reducirana na predstavnička tijela bez institucionalne memorije neophodne za kontinuitet rada. Ovaj policy sažetak sadrži niz preporuka za unapređenje institucionalnog razvoja MZ-a, kao i njihovih različitih funkcija.

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Transparent Public Procurement in Bosnia and Herzegovina: New Solutions for an Old Problem

Transparentne javne nabavke u Bosni i Hercegovini: Nova rješenja za stari problem

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; public procurement; laws; solutions; problems; transparency;

Iako je usvajanjem Zakona o javnim nabavkama u Bosni i Hercegovini iz 2014. godine donesen i niz novih odredaba koje imaju za cilj unaprijediti transparentnost u procesu javnih nabavki, i dalje u tom domenu postoje ograničenja koja mogu imati značajne negativne implikacije na praksu. Zakonskim okvirom, između ostalog, nije osigurana adekvatna dostupnost informacija o planiranim javnim nabavkama, budući da se planovi javnih nabavki ne objavljuju na portalu javnih nabavki. Objavljeni planovi nabavki ne uključuju postupke za dodjelu ugovora male vrijednosti, niti se odluke o dodjeli ugovora putem ovih postupaka objavljuju javno. Uočljiv je nedostatak odredaba koje bi doprinijele objavljivanju ugovora koje javni sektor sklapa sa ponuđačima. Također, nisu razvijene smjernice za primjenu kriterija za ocjenjivanje ponuda, posebno kriterija ekonomski najpovoljnije ponude. Stoga je od ključne važnosti unaprijediti zakonsku regulativu kako bi se uklonile uočene manjkavosti, te osigurao znatno veći nivo transparentnosti u javnim nabavkama u Bosni i Hercegovini.

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The Right to Access Information in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Towards a More Effective Institutional Framework

Pravo na pristup informacijama u Bosni i Hercegovini: Ka efektivnijem institucionalnom okviru

Author(s): Nermina Voloder / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: right to access information; BiH;

Implementacija zakona o slobodi pristupa informacijama u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) u velikoj je mjeri ograničena zbog slabosti kontrolnih i provedbenih mehanizama, čiji je cilj osigurati poštivanje zakona. U ovoj analizi, formulirana su dva niza prijedloga za poboljšanje provođenja slobodnog pristupa informacijama u BiH: jedan od prijedloga ukazuje na nužna unapređenja u okviru postojećeg institucionalnog okvira, dok se drugi niz preporuka odnosi na kreiranje novog institucionalnog mehanizma za nadzor, koji bi mogao imati transformativan efekt u primjeni zakona.

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Public Institutions and The Internet: Policies and Practices in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Javne institucije i internet: politike i prakse u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Amar Numanović,Tarik Jusić,Nevena Ršumović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; institutions; internet; media; transparency; policies; practices;

Zakoni o slobodi pristupa informacijama u Bosni i Hercegovini ne sadrže odredbe o objavljivanju javnih informacija na webu, što onemogućava razvoj proaktivne transparentnosti javnih institucija. Istovremeno, različiti sektorski zakoni i posebne politike, kao i uputstva i preporuke koje se odnose na održavanje web-stranica javnih institucija jednim dijelom obavezuju javne organe da objavljuju određene vrste informacija na webu. Tako fragmentiran pravni okvir za objavljivanje informacija na webu dovodi do neujednačenih i slabo razvijenih praksi web-prisustva i transparentnosti javnih institucija u BiH. Od ključne je važnosti unaprijediti postojeće zakone o slobodi pristupa informacijama dodavanjem odredaba o obaveznom proaktivnom objavljivanju širokog spektra informacija na web-stranicama javnih institucija, a podzakonskim aktima o izradi i održavanju službenih web-stranica objavljivanje detaljnije precizirati.

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